Lookingattoday`sIndia,allthechallengesitfacescoulddatebacktocolonialtimesandeventheearlydaysofIndiancivilization.AtthetimetheBritish-colonizedIndia,manyareaswerestillunderthecontrolofkingsbelongingtodifferentindigenousgroups,andsomewerefunctioningwellbecausetheyhadtheirowntaxationsystems.InChina,asearlyas2,000yearsago,theQinDynasty(221BC-206BC)achievedagrandunificationofthecountryandstartedatransformationfromthefeudalsystemtothecountysystem.

有些人把这称作市场的自噬(self-cannibalizing)，当然更好的说法是股权萎缩(equityshrink)。